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1.
Int. j. morphol ; 36(3): 886-894, Sept. 2018. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-954203

ABSTRACT

Cerebral Palsy (CP) refers to chronic childhood encephalopathy. The objective of this study was to verify effects of CP model that combines prenatal exposure to LPS, perinatal anoxia and sensorimotor restriction on EDL muscle. Male Wistar rat pups were separated: a) Control - pups of mothers injected with saline during pregnancy and b) Cerebral Palsy - pups of mothers injected with LPS during pregnancy, and submitted to perinatal anoxia and sensorimotor restriction. The CP group presented hypertrophy in the type IIB fibers and increase of nuclei/fiber and capillary/fiber ratios. The intrafusal fibers of CP group presented 26 % atrophy in the crosssectional area and intramuscular collagen volume increase 34 %. CP group showed myofibrillar disruption and Z-line disorganization and the NMJs presented increases of 22 % in area.This animal model of CP produces motor deficits and macro and microscopic alterations and in the ultrastructure of the EDL muscle.


La parálisis cerebral (PC) se refiere a la encefalopatía crónica infantil. El objetivo de este estudio fue verificar los efectos del modelo PC que combina la exposición prenatal a LPS, la anoxia perinatal y la restricción sensitivo-motora en el músculo extensor largo de los dedos (MELD). Se separaron las crías de ratas Wistar machos: a) Control: crías de madres inyectadas con solución salina durante la preñez y b) Parálisis cerebral: crías de madres inyectadas con LPS durante la preñez y sometidas a anoxia perinatal y restricción sensitivo-motora. El grupo PC presentó hipertrofia en las fibras tipo IIB y aumento de la relación núcleo / fibra y capilar / fibra. Las fibras intrafusales del grupo PC presentaron un 26 % de atrofia en el área de la sección transversal y el volumen de colágeno intramuscular aumentó un 34 %. El grupo PC mostró disrupción miofibrilar y desorganización de la línea Z y los NMJ presentaron aumentos de 22 % en el área. Este modelo animal de PC produce déficit motores y alteraciones macro y microscópicas y cambios en la ultraestructura del MELD.


Subject(s)
Animals , Rats , Cerebral Palsy/pathology , Muscle, Skeletal/pathology , Rats, Wistar , Microscopy, Electron, Transmission , Disease Models, Animal
2.
Int. j. morphol ; 34(1): 396-403, Mar. 2016. ilus
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-780523

ABSTRACT

Protein restriction implies the functional involvement of several systems and organs, including the skeletal muscle, because it is a protein reservoir in the body. This study sought to analyze the morphological and morphometric features of the muscle fibers and neuromuscular junctions (NMJs) of the extensor digitorum longus (EDL) muscle in rats at 365 days of age, submitted to maternal protein restriction during the gestation and lactation periods. Wistar rats were divided into two groups: a Control Group - mothers fed a normal-protein diet (17 % protein) during pregnancy and lactation; and a Restricted Group - mothers fed a low-protein diet (6 % protein) during pregnancy and lactation. The pups were kept with the mother throughout the lactation period (21 days), after which the offspring received a normal protein diet until 365 days of age. Histological (HE) and histoenzymological (NADH-TR) studies were conducted on the muscle fibers. The muscle was subjected to Nonspecific Esterase reaction to stain the Neuromuscular Junctions. Regarding the animals from the restricted group: the histologic analysis of the muscle fibers showed the presence of centralized nuclei and a diminished area; the histoenzymological study showed the different types of muscle fibers were randomly distributed in the EDL muscle and the area of the Type IIa muscle fiber was smaller; the ultrastructural study revealed disorganization of the Z line, and the presence of lipid droplets and vacuoles containing myelin figures in subsarcolemmal and intramiofibrilar regions; while the analysis of the NMJs exhibited no significant differences between the groups. Protein restriction in the pregnancy and lactation period may have affected the development of skeletal muscle, producing a permanent muscle-fiber deficit in the EDL muscle of the offspring.


La restricción proteica implica compromiso funcional de diversos sistemas y órganos, entre ellos, el músculo estriado esquelético, por ser una reserva de proteína del organismo. De esa forma, el presente trabajo procuró analizar las características morfológicas y morfométricas de las fibras musculares y de las intersecciones neuromusculares (JNMs) del músculo extensor largo de los dedos (EDL) en ratas de 365 días de edad, sometidas a restricción proteica materna durante los periodos de gestación y lactancia. Las ratas Wistar fueron separadas en dos grupos: El grupo Control - madres alimentadas durante la gestación y lactancia con ración normoproteica (17 % de proteína) y Grupo con restricción ­ madres alimentadas durante la gestación y lactancia con ración hipoproteica (6 % de proteína). Las crías permanecieron con la madre durante todo el periodo de lactancia (21 días) y después de este periodo la prole recibió ración normoproteica hasta los 365 días de edad. Se realizó un estudio histológico (HE) e histoenzimológico (NADH-TR) de las fibras musculares. Para la marcación de las JNMs, el músculo fue sometido a la reacción de Esterasa Inespecífica. El análisis histológico de las fibras musculares de los animales del Grupo con restricción mostró la presencia de núcleos centralizados y una disminución del área en el grupo con restricción. En el estudio histoenzimológico, el músculo EDL presentó una distribución aleatoria de los diferentes tipos de fibras musculares y el área de las fibras musculares del tipo IIa fue menor en el grupo con restricción. En relación al estudio ultraestructural, en los animales del grupo con restricción se observó desorganización de la línea Z, presencia de pequeñas gotas de lípidos y vacuolas que abrigaban figuras de mielina en las regiones subsarcolemal e intramiofibrilar. En el análisis de las JNMs no hubo diferencias significativas. La restricción proteica impuesta en el periodo de gestación y lactancia puede haber afectado el desarrollo del músculo esquelético, produciendo un déficit permanente en las fibras musculares del músculo EDL de la prole.


Subject(s)
Animals , Male , Female , Rats , Diet, Protein-Restricted , Muscle Fibers, Skeletal/pathology , Muscle, Skeletal/pathology , Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects , Rats, Wistar
3.
Braz. j. med. biol. res ; 47(10): 842-849, 10/2014. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-722175

ABSTRACT

A sprained ankle is a common musculoskeletal sports injury and it is often treated by immobilization of the joint. Despite the beneficial effects of this therapeutic measure, the high prevalence of residual symptoms affects the quality of life, and remobilization of the joint can reverse this situation. The aim of this study was to analyze the effects of immobilization and remobilization on the ankle joint of Wistar rats. Eighteen male rats had their right hindlimb immobilized for 15 days, and were divided into the following groups: G1, immobilized; G2, remobilized freely for 14 days; and G3, remobilized by swimming and jumping in water for 14 days, performed on alternate days, with progression of time and a series of exercises. The contralateral limb was the control. After the experimental period, the ankle joints were processed for microscopic analysis. Histomorphometry did not show any significant differences between the control and immobilized/remobilized groups and members, in terms of number of chondrocytes and thickness of the articular cartilage of the tibia and talus. Morphological analysis of animals from G1 showed significant degenerative lesions in the talus, such as exposure of the subchondral bone, flocculation, and cracks between the anterior and mid-regions of the articular cartilage and the synovial membrane. Remobilization by therapeutic exercise in water led to recovery in the articular cartilage and synovial membrane of the ankle joint when compared with free remobilization, and it was shown to be an effective therapeutic measure in the recovery of the ankle joint.


Subject(s)
Animals , Male , Ankle Injuries/pathology , Cartilage, Articular/pathology , Immobilization/adverse effects , Synovial Membrane/pathology , Ankle Injuries/therapy , Body Weight , Cartilage, Articular/growth & development , Chondrocytes/cytology , Early Ambulation , Rats, Wistar , Sprains and Strains/therapy , Swimming/physiology , Time Factors , Tarsal Joints/pathology , Weight Loss
4.
Arq. Inst. Biol ; 80(2): 233-235, 20130000.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS, VETINDEX | ID: biblio-1462218

ABSTRACT

This study evaluated the effectiveness of a disinfectant with low corrosive action and which is not toxic to the environment, the sodium dichloroisocyanurate formulation, on the Bombyx mori nucleopolyhedrovirus (BmNPV). For this, 5th-instar B. mori silkworm larvae were divided into four experimental groups of 4 replicates with 15 larvae each, totalling 60 larvae per group. The groups were fed with mulberry (Morus sp.) leaf discs containing: BmNPV treated with the disinfectant, untreated BmNPV, only the disinfectant, and water (control). The results showed that the disinfectant does not inactivate the BmNPV and also exerts a negative effect on the insect"s resistance.


O estudo avaliou a eficiência de um desinfetante que apresenta baixa ação corrosiva e que não é tóxico ao meio ambiente, o formulado de sódio dicloroisocianurato, sobre o nucleopoliedrovírus Bombyx mori (BmNPV). Para tanto, lagartas do bicho-da-seda, B. mori, de 5º instar foram divididas em quatro grupos experimentais, 4 repetições com 15 lagartas cada, totalizando 60 lagartas por grupo. Os grupos foram alimentados com discos foliares de amoreira (Morus sp.) contendo: o BmNPV tratado com o desinfetante (solução 1); o BmNPV não tratado (solução 2); apenas o desinfetante (solução 3); e água (solução 4, controle). Os resultados mostraram que o desinfetante não inativa o BmNPV e também exerce efeito negativo na resistência do inseto.


Subject(s)
Animals , Baculoviridae , Bombyx , Disinfection , Disinfectants , Toxicity
5.
Rev. bras. anal. clin ; 33(4): 193-197, 2001. ilus
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-322755

ABSTRACT

A análise de cariótipos humanos, procedimento padräo em investigaçöes genéticas, é uma técnica complexa que demanda tempo, custo elevado, aliada ao trabalho de especialistas para a realizaçäo de um diagnóstico seguro. Tendo em vista estas características foi desenvolvido um sistema automatizado para análise de cariótipos humanos, na linguagem Delphi 3.0 Client/Server Suite e em ambiente Microsoft Windows 98. O sistema captura imagens de cromossomos metafásicos, diretamente do microscópio acoplado a uma câmara filmadora. Estas imagens säo enviadas para uma unidade central de processamento, onde o software, organiza os pares cromossômicos pelo tamanho. Durante este procedimento uma série de rotinas permitem ao usuário näo só a manipulaçäo da imagem como um todo, mas também, dos cromossomos individualmente. O cariótipo, assim obtido, pode ainda ser comparado com um padräo de bandas existentes, permitindo os ajustes finais. O software agiliza a análise cariotípica, dispensando alguns procedimentos manuais como o registro fotográfico, o recorte e a montagem manual dos pares cromossômicos. Os custos da análise também säo reduzidos, tanto em termos materiais, quanto humanos, uma vez que se reduz o tempo gasto pela especialista nas análises


Subject(s)
Humans , Cytogenetic Analysis/instrumentation , Chromosomes, Human , Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted/instrumentation , Genetics, Medical , Karyotyping , Metaphase
6.
Arq. neuropsiquiatr ; 52(1): 41-5, mar. 1994. ilus
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-129363

ABSTRACT

O estudo das granulaçöes aracnóides humanas por esteromicroscópio e microscópio óptico revelou que em um mesmo indivíduo estäo presentes granulaçöes morfologicamente distintas, que classificamos em simples e lobuladas. As granulaçöes simples eram pequenas e completamente envoltas por cápsula fibrosa que delimitava, em torno das granulaçöes, espaço subdural contínuo desdce o pedículo até o ápice. As granulaçöes lobuladas eram maiores que as simples; em seu ápice a cápsula era delgada e ocorria interrupçäo do espaço subdural, devido à fusäo do tecido fibroso da cápsula com a periferia da granulaçäo. As granulaçöes simples estavam possivelmente em fase inicial de desenvolvimento, enquanto as granulaçöes lobuladas estariam em fase mais avançada, com estrutura morfológica ideal para absorçäo do LCR


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Arachnoid/ultrastructure , Cerebrospinal Fluid/physiology , Dura Mater/ultrastructure , Microscopy, Electron
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